By Neeraj Kumar
Patna: The Ganga River dolphins in Bihar, once abundant, are struggling for survival as their numbers dwindle. Experts, including Padmashree awardee Dr Ravindra Kumar Sinha, highlight that construction activities, including bridges and dams, are threatening not only the dolphins but also the river’s ecosystem. The migration of dolphins from their original habitats, such as the Digha area in Patna, to regions like Fatuha and Hathidah is an alarming trend driven by these disruptions.
Impact of Dams and Barrages on Dolphin Populations
Dr Sinha points out that dams and barrages pose significant challenges to dolphins by fragmenting populations and impeding genetic exchange. Without genetic diversity, the species faces risks of inbreeding, which can weaken its resilience. These structures isolate dolphins into smaller populations, limiting their ability to thrive.
River Cruises and the Risk to Dolphins
Unregulated river cruises in the Ganga, particularly those without propeller guards, pose another danger. Collisions with propellers can fatally injure dolphins. Implementing safety measures, such as propeller guards, is crucial to ensure the survival of these aquatic creatures.
The Role of the Ganga Action Plan and Pollution Control
Despite the Ganga Action Plan being in place since 1985, untreated sewage continues to flow into the river, exacerbating pollution and endangering aquatic life. Dr Sinha laments the lack of progress, particularly in Patna, where untreated drain water still flows into the Ganga.
Government Initiatives for Dolphin Conservation
The government has taken significant steps to protect dolphins, including designating them as Schedule 1 animals under the Wildlife Protection Act, equating their status to that of tigers. Hunting dolphins is a punishable offence. The National Aquatic Animal, Ganga Dolphin, was also a focus of the 2019 Project Dolphin launched under the Namami Gange campaign, aimed at increasing their population.
Where to Spot Ganga Dolphins in Bihar
The Vikramshila Dolphin Sanctuary, spanning Sultanganj to Kahalgaon in Bihar, is home to about 1,200 dolphins, making it the region with the highest population. Visitors can spot these fascinating creatures at various ghats in Bhagalpur and Kahalgaon, such as Manik Sarkar Ghat, Budhanath Ghat, and Bateshwar Sthan.
Hope for the Future
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s sensitivity towards Ganga and its aquatic life is reflected in his efforts through Project Dolphin. The presence of dolphins is a marker of water purity, and their conservation is vital to preserving the river’s health. As National Dolphin Day approaches, there is hope that stronger initiatives will be implemented to protect these remarkable creatures.
